Is your loved one suffering from memory problems? Know how to differentiate between Alzheimer’s and Dementia

As we age, our organs begin to witness a drop in their peak performance capacities. We cannot run as fast at 80 as we did when we were 18. Similarly, on and after approaching a certain age, the brain cells of humans start to degenerate. This could be a consequence of numerous factors.

Sadly, in our country, very few people seek geriatric expert’s help in diagnosing and treating old age-related issues. According to alz.org, dementia is prevalent in India with an estimated 4 million people being considered to be suffering from the degenerative condition. At a global level, more than 44 million people are living with the condition. But we rarely find our elderly seeking advice on this. In fact, many caregivers in the family decide that the family member is suffering from Dementia and/or forgetfulness. 

People suffering from either (Alzheimer’s or Dementia) require a significant amount of care. However, appropriate care cannot be possible unless the caregivers have a clear understanding of the two diseases. Here is what you need to know about the difference between the two conditions.

(Difference between Alzheimer’s and Dementia. Image credit: Alz.org/india)

Alzheimer’s disease and dementia – The difference

Alzheimer’s disease: The degeneration of brain cells causing impaired memory and cognitive function is known as Alzheimer’s disease. A definite explanation of causes leading to the development of this progressive condition is yet to be found, however, according to scientists, Alzheimer’s is a consequence of plaque (protein fragment called beta-amyloid) and tangles (protein called tau) buildup in the brain. It mostly affects the elderly and both environmental and genetic factors could be risk contributors. In India, Alzheimer’s disease makes up about 60-80% of dementia cases. 

Dementia: The decline in cognitive function with the progression of age is termed dementia. This is an umbrella term and the most common types of dementia include Alzheimer’s, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal disorders. The patients suffering from dementia experience difficulty in communication, feeling, and emoting appropriately. 

Alzheimer’s disease and dementia – The causes

Age is an important factor that can cause types of dementia, including Alzheimer’s, says the US Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC). The condition usually affects the region of the brain associated with learning first, the most commonly reported symptom of Alzheimer’s is difficulty recalling new information. While rising age is the most well-known risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, not everyone who ages can develop the disease. Furthermore, although the majority of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s are 65 or older, a form of Alzheimer’s disease known as younger-onset Alzheimer’s disease also exists and it can affect people of much younger age. 

Different conditions such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s can cause damage to brain cells, thereby resulting in dementia. About 10 per cent of dementia cases are linked to strokes or other issues with blood flow to the brain. Diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol are also risk factors. People who have dementia may also have a reversible underlying cause such as side effects of medication, increased pressure in the brain, vitamin deficiency, and thyroid hormone imbalance. 

Signs and symptoms of dementia and Alzheimers

Alzheimer’s disease: The most common signs reported include:

• A decline in communication skills
• Lack in the comprehension of visual and audio forms of communication
• Confusion 
• Altered mood and behaviour
• Lack of hygiene
• Loss of memory 

Dementia: The most common signs reported include:

• Inability to communicate
• Difficulty in recalling places, names, and information
• Inability to go on with everyday tasks
• Repetition of activities and words
• Forgetfulness
• A decline in cognitive function

Tips to prevent dementia

There are several health conditions, the development of which is often inevitable. Instead of looking for the cure, one must try opting for preventive measures. Here are some tips that can contribute to the prevention of dementia:

1. Physical activity: Make sure that you keep your body and mind physically active through methods of yoga, workout, meditation, and other exercises. This can help reduce the risk of developing health issues such as dementia, cardiovascular disease, bone conditions, and obesity. 
2. Social activity: Keep in touch with your family and friends and indulge in conversations about your health in order to keep them informed about the same. This is necessary to ensure getting the appropriate amount of care if needed.
3. Improve lifestyle: Try maintaining a healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity with healthy eating habits. Refrain from indulging in activities such as smoking and drinking alcohol. 

Dementia and forms of it, including Alzheimer’s, are progressive diseases. The cognitive function, behaviour, and brain health of the patient will further deteriorate as the years progress, making them vulnerable and more worthy of care. A professional (trained) caregiver knows how to ensure the safety of such a patient. If you are caring for an elderly sufferer yourselves do seek advice from a geriatric expert about what to expect and how to create a SOP that serves your purpose.

Disclaimer: Tips and suggestions mentioned in the article are for general information purpose only and should not be construed as professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or a dietician before starting any fitness programme or making any changes to your diet.

Disclaimer: Tips and suggestions mentioned in the article are for general information purpose only and should not be construed as professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or a dietician before starting any fitness programme or making any changes to your diet.